Arnaldo tamayo méndez wiki
Arnaldo Tamayo
Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez, nado en Baracoa o 29 de xaneiro de1942, é un piloto de aviación e cosmonautacubano. En 1980 viaxou ao espazo na Soiuz 38, converténdose no primeiro americano non estadounidense en viaxar á órbita terrestre, así como no primeiro cosmonauta cubano e latinoamericano.
Recoñecido como Heroe da República de Cuba e Heroe da Unión Soviética, ao seu regreso foi deputado na Asemblea Nacional e xefe do Departamento de Relacións Exteriores do Ministerio das Forzas Armadas Revolucionarias (Ministerio de Defensa) de Cuba.
Traxectoria
[editar | editar a fonte]Infancia e primeiros anos
[editar | editar a fonte]Tamayo naceu no seo dunha humilde familia de Baracoa, quedando orfo de nai pouco despois de nacer, e tamén de pai posteriormente. Criado principalmente con súa avoa, comezou a traballar aos 10 anos, e realizou diversos oficios como limpador de zapatos, axudante de carpinteiro e vendedor de xornais.
Durante a súa xuventude participou en varias manifestacións estudantís contra a ditadura do xeneral Fulgencio Batista e co triunfo da Revolución Cubana ingresou no Instituto Técnico "Ejército Rebelde", e logo nas Forzas Armadas Revolucionarias. Converteuse en piloto de caza e seguiu un adestramento para piloto de cazasMiG-15 na Unión Soviética, do que saíu como piloto de combate con só 19 anos anos.
O 24 de xullo de 1961, Iuri Gagarin chegou á Habana e nunha parte do seu discurso dixo: "Chegará o día no que un fillo do pobo cubano tamén viaxará ao cosmos", unha frase que Tamayo recordaría despois.
Ao seu regreso da URSS foi destacado na base de San Antonio de Baños. En 1962, durante a crise de outubro, tamén coñecida como crise dos mísiles de Cuba, realizou múltiples misións de recoñecemento para interceptar avións inimigos. En 1967 ingresou no Partido Comunista de Cuba.
En 1971 graduouse na Escola Superior das Forzas Armadas Revolucionarias Antonio Maceo Grajales. Durante o
Cuban Military Personnel: Cuban Soldiers, Fidel Castro, Antonio Maceo Grajales, Camilo Cienfuegos, Ramón Barquín, Juan Almeida Bosque, Winchester Osgo
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 40. Chapters: Cuban soldiers, Fidel Castro, Antonio Maceo Grajales, Camilo Cienfuegos, Ramon Barquin, Juan Almeida Bosque, Winchester Osgood, Maximo Gomez, Arnaldo Ochoa, Manuel Artime, Dionisio Gil, Erneido Oliva, Demetrio Castillo Duany, Jose Ramon Fernandez, Victor Dreke, Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez, Jose Perez San Roman, Jose Miguel Gomez, Humberto Sori Marin, Ramiro Valdes, Efigenio Ameijeiras, Norberto Collado Abreu, Efrain Loyola, Alberto Bayo, Henry Reeve, Carlos Roloff, Ricardo Montero Duque, Fernando Miyares y Gonzales, Antonio Enrique Lusson Batlle, Ambrosio Jose Gonzales, Tomas Diez Acosta, Sergio del Valle Jimenez, Ulises Rosales del Toro, Abel Santamaria, Tony de la Guardia, Fernando Martinez Heredia, Victor Ivo Acuna Velazquez, Jesus Sosa Blanco, Guillermo Moncada, Alfredo Abon Lee, Harry "Pombo" Villegas. Excerpt: Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (Spanish: born August 13, 1926) is a Cuban politician, socialist revolutionary, and former political leader of the country. As the primary leader of the Cuban Revolution, Castro served as the Prime Minister of Cuba from February 1959 to December 1976, and then as the President of the Council of State of Cuba and the President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba until his resignation from the office in February 2008. He served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011. In 2006, he was succeeded by his younger brother, Raul Castro, who is the current President of the Councils of State and Ministers, and who previously served under Fidel as Minister of Defence from 1959 to 2008. While studying law at the University of Havana, he began his political career and became a recogniz
Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez
Cuban cosmonaut (born 1942)
In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Tamayo and the second or maternal family name is Méndez.
Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez (born 29 January 1942) is a Cubanmilitary officer, legislator, and former cosmonaut and the first person of African heritage in space. In 1980, as a member of the crew of Soyuz 38, he became the first Cuban citizen, the first Latin American, the first person of African descent, and the first person from a country in the Western Hemisphere other than the United States to travel into Earth orbit.
Early life and military service
Tamayo was born on 29 January 1942, in Baracoa, Guantánamo province, into a family of Afro-Cuban descent. Orphaned as an infant, he was adopted at age 1 by Rafael Tamayo and Esperanza Méndez. He began working at age 13 as a shoeshine and vegetable vendor and later worked as a carpenter's assistant.
During the Cuban Revolution he joined the Association of Young Rebels, a group protesting the Batista regime, and later the Revolutionary Work Youth Brigades. After the Cuban Revolution, he entered the Technical Institute "Rebel Army", completing a course for aviation technicians in December 1960. Wishing to become a fighter pilot, he went on to join the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces. Between April 1961 and May 1962, Tamayo completed a course in aerial combat with MiG-15s at the Yeysk Higher Air Force School in the Soviet Union, after which he was certified a combat pilot at the age of 19. Later that year, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, he flew 20 reconnaissance missions as part of the Playa Girón Brigade of the Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force.
In 1967, Tamayo joined the Communist Party of Cuba and spent the next two years serving with Cuban forces in the Vietnam War, returning in 1969 to study at the Maximo Gomez Basi
.