5 scientist and their biography of abraham
Abraham: Father of Nations—and a Scientist, Mathematician and Astronomer
History records a man who lived 10 generations after a great flood who used celestial science to prove the existence of God. He was a skilled scientist, astronomer and mathematician. His astronomical discoveries shook the foundations of Babylonian religion. He heavily influenced Egyptian and Mesopotamian scientific thought. He led armies that altered the course of world history. And all this took place before he became the forefather of the Arab, Turk and Israelite peoples!
This man’s name was Abraham. Yes, the astounding evidence of both biblical and secular history proves that the patriarch Abraham was not only real; he exerted tremendous influence on the entire ancient world!
This influence is recounted in the writings of the Jewish historian Josephus, the Babylonian historian Berossus, the Roman historian Eusebius and others. These records reveal that Abraham used mathematics and astronomy to discredit the pagan priesthood of his time and to prove the existence of the one true God.
Chief Scientist of the Chaldeans
Abraham was born in the city of Ur, in the land of the Chaldees, sometime in the early second millennium b.c.e. This city was then near the outskirts of the rapidly expanding Old Babylonian Empire. The pagan Babylonian priesthood publicly taught the masses to believe that the sun, moon, stars and planets were gods. These priests used their knowledge of astronomy to predict the movements of the heavenly bodies, deceiving the masses into thinking they could communicate with the gods of the Babylonian pantheon (Israel Smith Clare, The Standard History of the World, Vol. 1).
This was the political climate into which Abraham was born.
Now consider the record of third-century b.c.e. Babylonian historian Berossus: “In the 10th generation after the Flood, there was among the Chaldeans a man righteous and great, and skillful in the celestial science” (emphasis added t Abraham Pais, with Tineke Buchter (later Tina Strobos) at left and Tineke’s mother Marie Schotte at right, photograph, (Wikimedia commons) Abraham Pais, a Dutch-American Jewish theoretical physicist and would-be historian of science, was born May 19, He studied physics in the Netherlands, his final years of study at Utrecht made more difficult by the German invasion of Holland and Belgium. The occupying Germans issued a decree that Jews would be excluded from Dutch higher education, and Pais had to work frantically to pass the requirements for his PhD before that ban took effect. He was in fact the last Jew to get a PhD in the Netherlands until His wartime experience was harrowing, as detailed in his autobiography, A Tale of Two Continents: A Physicist’s Life in a Turbulent World (), which I had owned for many years but had never read until preparing this essay. Since he was a physicist, and therefore of potential value to the Germans, he was issued a card that exempted him from being deported to a concentration camp in Germany (second image), but for 5 years he had to wear a star of David in public that identified him as a Jew, and as the crackdown on Jews grew more intense in (hundreds of thousands of Dutch Jews were sent to German camps, and most of them did not survive), Pais ultimately had to go into hiding. The wartime ID card of Abraham Pais, exempting him from exportation to a concentration camp, reproduced in A Tale of Two Continents, by Abraham Pais (Princeton Univ. Press, ; author’s copy) Pais was aided in his extended concealment from authorities by his former fiancée, Tina Strobos, who went by the name Tineke Buchter at the time. She is the young woman in the first photograph. Barely 20 years old at the start of the war, Tineke and her mother (the other woman in the photo) went into the business of hiding Jews in their house in Amsterdam, building a hidden compartment in the attic French mathematician (–) Abraham de MoivreFRS (French pronunciation:[abʁaamdəmwavʁ]; 26 May 27 November ) was a French mathematician known for de Moivre's formula, a formula that links complex numbers and trigonometry, and for his work on the normal distribution and probability theory. He moved to England at a young age due to the religious persecution of Huguenots in France which reached a climax in with the Edict of Fontainebleau. He was a friend of Isaac Newton, Edmond Halley, and James Stirling. Among his fellow Huguenot exiles in England, he was a colleague of the editor and translator Pierre des Maizeaux. De Moivre wrote a book on probability theory, The Doctrine of Chances, said to have been prized by gamblers. De Moivre first discovered Binet's formula, the closed-form expression for Fibonacci numbers linking the nth power of the golden ratioφ to the nth Fibonacci number. He also was the first to postulate the central limit theorem, a cornerstone of probability theory. Abraham de Moivre was born in Vitry-le-François in Champagne on 26 May His father, Daniel de Moivre, was a surgeon who believed in the value of education. Though Abraham de Moivre's parents were Protestant, he first attended the Christian Brothers' Catholic school in Vitry, which was unusually tolerant given religious tensions in France at the time. When he was eleven, his parents sent him to the Protestant Academy at Sedan, where he spent four years studying Greek under Jacques du Rondel. The Protestant Academy of Sedan had been founded in at the initiative of Françoise de Bourbon, the widow of Henri-Robert de la Marck. In the Protestant Academy at Sedan was suppressed, and de Moivre enrolled to study logic at Saumur for two years. Although mathematics was not part of his course work, de Moivre read several works on mathematics on his own, including Éléments des mathématiques by the French Or Scientist of the Day - Abraham Pais
Abraham de Moivre
Life
Early years
Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi
Biography
Abraham bar Hiyya was a Spanish Jewish mathematician and astronomer. In the Hebrew of his time 'Ha-Nasi' meant 'the leader' but he is also known by the Latin name Savasorda which comes from his 'job description' showing that he held an official position in the administration in Barcelona.
Abraham bar Hiyya is famed for his book Hibbur ha-Meshihah ve-ha-Tishboret(Treatise on Measurement and Calculation), translated into Latin by Plato of Tivoli as Liber embadorum in This book is the earliest Arab algebra written in Europe. It contains the complete solution of the general quadratic and is the first text in Europe to give such a solution. Rather strangely, however, was also the year that al-Khwarizmi's algebra book was translated by Robert of Chester so Abraham bar Hiyya's work was rapidly joined by a second text giving the complete solution to the general quadratic equation.
It is interesting to see the areas of mathematics and the mathematicians with which Abraham was familiar. Of course he knew geometry through the works of Euclid, but he also knew the contributions to geometry from other Greek texts such as Theodosius's Sphaerics in three books, On the Moving Sphere which is a work on the geometry of the sphere by Autolycus, Apollonius's Conics, and the later contributions by Heron of Alexandria and Menelaus of Alexandria. Abraham had also studied some of the important works on algebra by Arab mathematicians, in particular al-Khwarizmi and al-Karaji.
Among other texts written by Abraham bar Hiyya was Yesod ha-Tebunah u-Migdal ha-Emunah(The Foundation of Understanding and the Tower of Faith). This work is an encyclopaedia of mathematics, astronomy, optics and music. It is the first encyclopaedia in the Hebrew language.
Abraham also wrote a number of texts on astronomy; in particular he wrote on the form of the Earth and the calculation of the paths of the stars on the celestial sphere. His book Ta