Aruna lama biography of william hill

The announcement designating Harsh Vardhan Shringla, the present Indian ambassador to the United States, as the next foreign secretary of India has triggered another round of celebration in Darjeeling district. Chokila Iyer, who became the first lady foreign secretary of India in , also hailed from this historically famous Queen of the Hills. A relatively small district in West Bengal, located in the strategic Chicken's Neck corridor that connects the north-eastern region with the rest of India and the entire Eastern Himalaya, has produced a range of freedom fighters, public intellectuals, administrators, sportspersons, musicians, politicians, bureaucrats, scientists, travellers and literary figures.

Harsh Vardhan Shringla, a widely known diplomat particularly in neighbouring countries, has had a chequered career in the management of foreign affairs. He takes over when one of his own senior colleagues, Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, a seasoned and astute diplomat, heads the Ministry of External Affairs. There are expectations galore in terms of consolidation and fresh initiatives in Narendra Modi’s Neighbourhood First policy.

British settlement

Darjeeling has been on the global map because of early British settlement, its orthodox variety of tea, affluent bio-diversity, vibrant political culture, salubrious location on the lap of the Himalaya and prolific growth of educational institutions. This is a region which emerged out of various treaties and arrangements with the neighbouring countries including Sikkim, Bhutan and Nepal. Two arbitrators, GWA Lloyd and JW Grant, appointed by Governor-General Lord William Bentinck in on the urging of Raja Tsugphud Namgyal to resolve a boundary dispute between Nepal and Sikkim, are said to have actually discovered this Sikkimese village known as Darjeeling. James Herbert surveyed the land in After it was gifted to the British Indian government in , Archibald Campbell, who had served in Nepal () as a surgeon to the reside

Major branch of Buddhism

Theravāda (;lit. 'School of the Elders'; Chinese: 上座部佛教; Vietnamese: Thượng tọa bộ) is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school. The school's adherents, termed Theravādins (anglicized from Palitheravādī), have preserved their version of Gautama Buddha's teaching or Dhamma in the Pāli Canon for over two millennia.

The Pāli Canon is the most complete Buddhist canon surviving in a classical Indian language, Pāli, which serves as the school's sacred language and lingua franca. In contrast to Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna, Theravāda tends to be conservative in matters of doctrine (pariyatti) and monastic discipline (vinaya). One element of this conservatism is the fact that Theravāda rejects the authenticity of the Mahayana sutras (which appeared c.&#;1st century BCE onwards). Consequently, Theravāda generally does not recognize the existence of many Buddhas and bodhisattvas believed by the Mahāyāna school, such as Amitābha and Vairocana, because they are not found in their scriptures.

Theravāda derives from IndianSthavira nikāya (an early Buddhist school). This tradition later began to develop significantly in India and Sri Lanka from the 3rd century BCE onwards, particularly with the establishment of the Pāli Canon in its written form and the development of its commentarial literature. From both India, as its historical origin, and Sri Lanka, as its principal center of development, the Theravāda tradition subsequently spread to Southeast Asia, where it became the dominant form of Buddhism. Theravāda is the official religion of Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Cambodia, and the main dominant Buddhist variant found in Laos

Prime Minister of Singapore from to

In this Chinese name, the family name is Lee (李).

Lee Kuan YewGCMG CHSPMJDK (born Harry Lee Kuan Yew; 16 September – 23 March ), often referred to by his initials LKY, was a Singaporean statesman, politician, and lawyer who served as the Minister Mentor between to , Senior Minister between to and first prime minister of Singapore from to

He served as the secretary-general of the People's Action Party (PAP) from to and was the member of Parliament (MP) for Tanjong Pagar from until his death in Lee is widely recognised as the founding father of the modern Singaporean state, and for his leadership in transforming it into a highly developed country during his tenure.

Lee was born in Singapore during British colonial rule. After graduating from Raffles Institution, he won a scholarship to Raffles College, now the National University of Singapore. During the Japanese occupation, Lee escaped being the victim of a purge, before subsequently starting his own businesses while working as an administration service officer for the Japanese propaganda office. After World War II ended, Lee briefly attended the London School of Economics before transferring to Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, to study law, graduating with a double first degree in He was called to the Bar from the Middle Temple in Upon his return to Singapore, he practised as an advocate and solicitor whilst campaigning for the British to relinquish their colonial rule.

Lee co-founded the People's Action Party (PAP) in and won his first seat at the Tanjong Pagar division during the general election. He became the de facto opposition leader in parliament, to Chief Ministers David Marshall and Lim Yew Hock of the Labour Front. Lee led his party to its first electoral victory in and was appointed the state's first prime minister. To attain complete home rule from Britain, Lee campaigned for a merger with other former British terri