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Vincent Moon in(-between) Brazil: An Aural Approach to Intermediality
Matheus Araújo de Siqueira
[Abstract][PDF]
Introduction
For better or worse, Vincent Moon has received little scholarly attention even though his films raise an interesting discussion on a visual practice that stems from sound and music. Still pigeonholed by many as the person who gave new life to the music video at the beginning of the YouTube era—a view that a New York Times article by Lizzy Goodman has helped to cement—it has now been over a decade since the French director abandoned the music industry and started creating films with musicians from all around the world.
In Brazil, Moon’s filmmaking methods produced a fertile territory to expand and mature a practice based on sound. By examining his methodological use of sound and the contextual parameters in which Moon shot his documentary films in Brazil, I will endeavour to highlight the role intermedial borders play as they shift from delineating borders in space and aesthetic form to the in-betweenness that appears in time and experience.
Moon’s connection to Brazil has been ongoing for the past decade. He has shot a total of ninety-three short films and one feature documentary with French artist Priscilla Telmon called Híbridos (Hybrids, 2018) in the country.[1] The intricate history between music and spirituality in Brazil functions as a great appeal for the director’s persistent return, coupled with a keenness from Brazilian artists to work with him, despite his unconventional methods in forcing the musicians into uncomfortable and uncontrollable situations.[2]
Moon’s first excursion to Brazil was in December 2010 and lasted two months. He shot twenty-four films together with artists such as Tom Zé, Ney Matogrosso, Elza Soares, Jards Macalé, Naná Vasconcelos and Carlinhos Brown. Although many artists that he recorded in 2010–11 had successful careers, Moon also focused on lesse Strain Hiromi 1, a sulfur-oxidizing gammaproteobacterium was isolated from a hydrothermal vent chimney in the Okinawa Trough and represents a novel genus that may include a phylogenetic group found as endosymbionts of deep-sea gastropods. The SSU rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain Hiromi 1 and the gastropod endosymbionts was approximately 97%. The strain was shown to grow both chemolithoautotrophically and chemolithoheterotrophically with an energy metabolism of sulfur oxidation and O2 or nitrate reduction. Under chemolithoheterotrophic growth conditions, the strain utilized organic acids and proteinaceous compounds as the carbon and/or nitrogen sources but not the energy source. Various sugars did not support growth as a sole carbon source. The observation of chemolithoheterotrophy in this strain is in line with metagenomic analyses of endosymbionts suggesting the occurrence of chemolithoheterotrophy in gammaproteobacterial symbionts. Chemolithoheterotrophy and the presence of homologous genes for virulence- and quorum sensing-related functions suggest that the sulfur-oxidizing chomolithotrophic microbes seek animal bodies and microbial biofilm formation to obtain supplemental organic carbons in hydrothermal ecosystems. Hepadnavirus replication requires the synthesis of a covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA from the relaxed circular (RC) viral genome by an unknown mechanism. CCC DNA formation could require enzymatic activities of the viral reverse transcriptase (RT), or cellular DNA repair enzymes, or both. Physical mapping of the 5′ and 3′ ends of RC DNA and sequence analysis of CCC DNA revealed that CCC DNA synthesis requires the removal of the RT and an RNA oligomer from the 5′ ends of minus and plus strand DNA, respectively, removal of sequences from the terminally redundant minus s Open Access Peer-reviewed x Enterococcus faecalis V583 is a vancomycin-resistant clinical isolate which belongs to the hospital-adapted clade, CC2. This strain harbours several factors that have been associated with virulence, including the fsr quorum-sensing regulatory system that is known to control the expression of GelE and SprE proteases. To discriminate between genes directly regulated by Fsr, and those indirectly regulated as the result of protease expression or activity, we compared gene expression in isogenic mutants of V583 variously defective in either Fsr quorum sensing or protease expression. Quorum sensing was artificially induced by addition of the quorum signal, GBAP, exogenously in a controlled manner. The Fsr regulon was found to be restricted to five genes, gelE, sprE, ef1097, ef1351 and ef1352. Twelve additional genes were found to be dependent on the presence of GBAP-induced proteases. Induction of GelE and SprE by GBAP via Fsr resulted in accumulation of mRNA encoding lrgAB, and this induction was found to be lytRS dependent. Drosophila infection was used to discern varying levels of toxicity stemming from mutations in the fsr quorum regulatory system and the genes that it regulates, highlighting the contribution of LrgAB and bacteriocin EF1097 to infection toxicity. A contribution of SprE to infection toxicity was also detected. This work brought to light new players in E. faecalis success as a pathogen and paves the way for f .Abstract